834 Cells courses

Duration 1 Days 6 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is primarily designed for students who want to gain the skills necessary to use VBA to automate tasks in Excel such as collecting data from external sources, cleaning, and manipulating data. The target student may also want to learn how to create custom worksheet functions to streamline worksheet formulas and make complex worksheets easier to support, maintain, and understand. Overview Identify general components of VBA and their appropriate use in solving business solutions. Record VBA macros to automate repetitive tasks. Write VBA code to create VBA subroutines and functions. Use various programming elements to solve problems through code, including variables,objects, conditional statements, and loops. Eliminate, avoid, or handle errors in VBA code, and optimize its performance. VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) enables you to enhance and extend the capabilities of Microsoft Excel and other applications in the Microsoft 365 application suite. You can use VBA to perform tasks that would be difficult or impossible to do using only worksheet functions, and you can automate a wide range of tasks so they can be performed faster, more consistently, and with less effort than performing them manually. This course will give you a good foundation for understanding, creating, and using VBA in your own Excel workbooks. You will learn how to use the macro recorder effectively, as well as how to write your own VBA code from scratch. You will use tools built into Excel to explore and learn VBA's capabilities and to optimize and debug your code. Prerequisites To ensure your success in this course, you should be an experienced Excel user who is comfortable creating and working with Excel workbooks, including tasks such as entering worksheet formulas, using absolute and relative addressing, formatting cells, and creating pivot tables and charts. This level of skill could be acquired by taking the Microsoft Excel for Office 365 (Desktop or Online) courses, Parts 1, 2, and 3. 1. USING VBA TO SOLVE BUSINESS PROBLEMS * Use Macros to Automate Tasks in Excel * Identify Components of Macro-Enabled Workbooks * Configure the Excel VBA Environment 2. RECORDING A MACRO * Use the Macro Recorder to Create a VBA Macro * Record a Macro with Relative Addressing * Delete Macros and Modules * Identify Strategies for Using the Macro Recorder 3. WRITING VBA CODE DIRECTLY * Write VBA Code * Discover Objects You Can Use * Create a Custom Function 4. SOLVING PROBLEMS THROUGH CODE * Make Decisions in Code * Work with Variables * Perform Repetitive Tasks 5. IMPROVING YOUR VBA CODE * Debug VBA Errors * Deal with Errors * Improve Macro Performance 6. CONTROLLING HOW AND WHEN MACROS RUN * Prompt the User for Information * Configure Macros to Run Automatically ADDITIONAL COURSE DETAILS: Nexus Humans VBA with Microsoft Excel (v1.2) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the VBA with Microsoft Excel (v1.2) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Course Introduction for VTCT upgrade The VTCT qualification is recognised around the world and will allow you to be employed in a clinic, salon or allow you to set up your own business. The Federation of Holistic Therapists and the Association of Reflexology, two of the biggest Holistic Therapy organisations which both accept members with this qualification. Description Reflexology uses many techniques to manipulate reflex zones found in the feet, of which correspond to a specific body part. The zones have been mapped and this enables the Reflexologist to treat the whole body via these reflex zones on the feet. The treatment is primarily used for the stimulation of all bodily systems and aiding relaxation. Reflexology is performed frequently within the Health Service personnel and has a role in comforting and supporting terminally ill patients. This 5 day VTCT Course leads to practitioner status, focusing on providing you with knowledge of the principles of reflexology, competence in dealing with clients, correct use of consultation techniques and good use of planning treatments. You will also learn the benefits and techniques of reflexology and how to target certain key areas such as: Pregnancy or Hand Massage. Duration 5 days, 10.00am – 5.30pm. Practical elements are covered over 5 days attendance at our Academy. Theory elements are covered by homestudy. Qualification Structure T/501/9101 - Knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapies F/501/9117 - Provide Reflexology A/501/9116 - Reflective Practice for Reflexology Y/501/9253 - Principles and Practice of Complementary Therapies K/501/9256 - Health, Safety and Hygiene for Complementary Therapies H/501/9255 - Business Practice for Complementary Therapies D/501/9111 - Knowledge of Less Common Pathology for Complementary Therapies Course Contents Health, safety, hygiene and security with regard to the complementary therapy industry. Principles and practice of the complementary therapy industry. Knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology and common pathology of the human body. How to prepare for and provide an effective reflexology treatment and adapt to client requirements. Contra-indications and contra-actions, advice to be given to the client, record-keeping, evaluation of treatments and reflection on professional practice. Recognising Body Language Stress and Illness Analysis of Posture Legal Aspects, Code of Conduct and Ethics Advanced Techniques including the use of Meridian lines and Chakra's Home Study You can register your place and receive your lifetime membership. You can then make a start on some of the theory work sent to you by us here at the Academy. This includes your Anatomy and Physiology assignments that you can work on in the privacy of your own home. This allows you to have more time to focus on the practical when the class meets together. Approx. 5-10 hours per week need to total your home study time spent. The home work will need to meet the quality of National Standards. You will also be expected to complete 100 reflexology treatments from the start to the end of the course. You will also need to complete some assignments that will be required for your portfolio and a work-book will need to be completed. There are also 2 small exams that will be taken at the Academy in order to assess your understanding of Health and Safety and Anatomy and Physiology. These are multiple choice assessments and are nothing to worry about! Included in the Course Comprehensive course materials, handouts and work-book Online Resources: Virtual Learning Environment packed with extensive support materials, resources, help and advice Post-training support by phone, instant messaging or email (if desired) Assessment of practical/written work included (Must be sent Recorded Delivery) VTCT QCF Diploma in Reflexology Lots of fun and knowledge from Tutors with a whole wealth of skills and experience Light refreshments including tea, herbal tea, coffee and water Cost Training - £999

International Summer School for 13-18 year olds from all over the world at St Andrews, Cambridge and Yale Universities.

Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) treatments Nationally Recognised Qualification No previous experience or qualifications needed Open College Network Accreditation Level 4 (as required for minimally invasive procedures) Covers standards set by HEE Employed (salon) or Self-Employed opportunities Basic understanding of English language required OPEN TO ALL APPLICANTS

Learn all you need to know during this intensive half day’s training course for qualified facialist & beauty therapists only in small-scale classes. You must be qualified in Level 2 Facial or equivalent to be able to take part in this course. A great and very popular facial treatment to add to your treatment list that your clients will love. This treatment provides a deep exfoliation of the skin, with the added bonus of removing all that dreaded ‘peach fuzz’

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is primarily designed for students who want to gain the skills necessary to use VBA to automate tasks in Excel such as collecting data from external sources, cleaning, and manipulating data. The target student may also want to learn how to create custom worksheet functions to streamline worksheet formulas and make complex worksheets easier to support, maintain, and understand. Overview In this course, you will develop and deploy VBA modules to solve business problems. You will: Identify general components of VBA and their appropriate use in solving business solutions. Record VBA macros to automate repetitive tasks. Use reference tools built into Excel to get help on VBA programming language and objects used in the Excel VBA environment. Write VBA code to create a custom worksheet function. Eliminate, avoid, or handle errors in VBA code, and optimize its performance. Control how and when macros run. Develop UserForm objects to create custom dialog boxes and windows. Use VBA to read and write data from local files and cloud services. Use VBA to clean and transform data. Run programs and commands outside of Excel and share VBA projects with other users VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) enables you to enhance and extend the capabilities of Microsoft© Excel© and other applications in the Microsoft© Office application suite. You can use VBA to perform tasks that would be difficult or impossible to do using only worksheet functions, and you can automate a wide range of tasks involving the collection, processing, analysis, and visualization of data. This course will give you a good foundation for understanding, creating, and using VBA in your own Excel workbooks, show you how to work with data across different applications, and how to package the macros and functions you create so you can back them up, move them to other computers, and share them with other users Prerequisites To ensure your success in this course, you should be an experienced Excel user who is comfortable creating and working with Excel workbooks, including tasks such as entering worksheet formulas, using absolute and relative addressing, formatting cells, and creating pivot tables and charts. This level of skill could be acquired by taking the Microsoft Excel for Office 365? (Desktop or Online) courses, Parts 1, 2, and 3 1 - USING VBA TO SOLVE BUSINESS PROBLEMS * Topic A: Use Macros to Automate Tasks in Excel * Topic B: Identify Components of Macro-Enabled Workbooks * Topic C: Configure the Excel VBA Environment 2 - AUTOMATING REPETITIVE TASKS * Topic A: Use the Macro Recorder to Create a VBA Macro * Topic B: Record a Macro with Relative Addressing * Topic C: Delete Macros and Modules * Topic D: Identify Strategies for Using the Macro Recorder 3 - GETTING HELP ON VBA * Topic A: Use VBA Help * Topic B: Use the Object Browser to Discover Objects You Can Use in VBA * Topic C: Use the Immediate Window to Explore Object Properties and Methods 4 - CREATING CUSTOM WORKSHEET FUNCTIONS * Topic A: Create a Custom Function * Topic B: Make Decisions in Code * Topic C: Work with Variables * Topic D: Perform Repetitive Tasks 5 - IMPROVING YOUR VBA CODE * Topic A: Debug VBA Errors * Topic B: Deal with Errors * Topic C: Improve Macro Performance 6 - CONTROLLING HOW AND WHEN MACROS RUN * Topic A: Prompt the User for Information * Topic B: Configure Macros to Run Automatically 7 - DEVELOPING CUSTOM FORMS * Topic A: Display a Custom Dialog Box * Topic B: Program Form Events 8 - USING VBA TO WORK WITH FILES * Topic A: Use VBA to Get File and Directory Structure * Topic B: Use VBA to Read Text Files * Topic C: Use VBA to Write Text Files 9 - USING VBA TO CLEAN AND TRANSFORM DATA * Topic A: Automate Power Query * Topic B: Transform Data Using VBA and Workbook Functions * Topic C: Use Regular Expressions * Topic D: Manage Errors in Data 10 - EXTENDING THE PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT BEYOND THE WORKBOOK * Topic A: Run Other Programs and Commands * Topic B: Share Your VBA Projects

5G TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. It is not a definitive set of descriptions but a possibility of the final deployment. During the course we will investigate the 10 pillars for 5G, which will include various Radio Access Technologies that are required to interwork smoothly. Hence we will look at the 4G Pro features and other RATs. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * List the ten pillars of 5G deployment. * Explain the 5G Internet and Software Distributed Networks (SDN). * Explain carrier aggregation, the mobile cloud and RAT virtualisation. * Explain an overall picture of 5G architecture. 5G TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone who is looking to work with next generation networks. * Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified * Duration 3 days 5G TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Drivers for 5G 5G Road Map, 10 Pillars of 5G, evolving RATs, small cell, o SON, MTCm, mm-wave, backhaul, EE, new spectrum, spectrum sharing, RAN virtualisation. * 4G LTE advanced features *MIMO, Downlink & uplink MIMO R8, MIMO technology in LTE advanced, Downlink 8-layer SU-MIMO, Downlink MU-MIMO, Uplink MU-MIMO, Uplink transmit diversity, Coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP), Independent eNB & remote base station configurations, Downlink CoMP, * Uplink Multi-Cell Reception. * ICIC & eICIC ICIC, Homogeneous to heterogeneous network, eICIC, Macro-pico scenario, Macro-femto scenario, Time orthogonal frequencies. Almost Blank Subframe (ABS). * Carrier aggregation Component carriers (CC), * CC aggregation, Intra-band contiguous solutions, Intra-band non-contiguous solutions, Inter-band non-contiguous solutions, CA bandwidth classes, Aggregated transmission bandwidth configurations (ATBC), Possible carrier aggregation configurations (Rel 9, 10 & 12). * Enhanced Interference Mitigation & Traffic Adaptation (eIMTA) TDD UL-DL reconfiguration for traffic adaptation, Reconfiguration mechanisms, Interference mitigation schemes, Dynamic & flexible resource allocation. * 5G architectures 5G in Europe, horizon 2020 framework, 5G infrastructure PPP, METIS project, innovation centre, 5G in North America, research, company R & D, 5G specifications. * The 5G internet Cloud services, IoT & context awareness, network reconfiguration & virtualization support, hypervisors, SDN, the controller, service-oriented API, OpenFlow switches, SDN operation, SDN control for traffic flow redirection, OpenFlow controllers, how SDN works, application, control and infrastructure layers, a programmable network, how SDN & NFV tie together, SDN's downside, SDN orchestration, Mobility, architectures for distributed mobility management, MEDIEVAL & MEDIVO projects, a clean slate approach, mobility first architecture, network virtualization (VNet), INM, NetInf, ForMux, MEEM, GP & AM, QoS support, network resource provisioning, IntServ, RSVP, DiffServ, CoS, aggregated resource provisioning, SICAP, MARA, Emerging approach for resource over-provisioning, example use case architecture for the 5G internet, integrating SDN/NFV for efficient resource control, control information repository, service admission control policies, network resource provisioning, control enforcement functions, network configurations, network operations. * Small cells for 5G Average spectral efficiency evolution, What are small cells? WiFi & Femto cells as candidate small-cell technologies, Capacity limits & achievable gains with densifications, gains with multi-antenna techniques, gains with small cells, Mobile data demand, approach & methodology, subscriber density projections, traffic demand projections, global mobile data traffic increase modelling, country level backhaul traffic projections, 2020 average spectrum requirement, Small cell challenges, backhaul, spectrum, automation. * Cooperation for next generation wireless networks Cooperative diversity & relaying strategies, Cooperative ARQ & MAC protocols, NCCARQ & PRCSMA packet exchange, Physical layer impact on MAC protocol, NCCARQ overview, PHY layer impact, Performance evaluation, simulation scenario and results. * Mobile clouds; technology & services for future communications platforms Mobile cloud, software, hardware and networking resources, Mobile cloud enablers, mobile user domain, wireless technologies, WWAN WLAN and WPAN range, Bluetooth, IEEE.802.15.4, software stacks, infrared, near field communications (NFC), store & forward vs compute & forward, random/linear network coding. * Security for 5G communications Potential 5G architectures, Security issues & challenges in 5G, user equipment, mobile malware attacks, 5G mobile botnets, attacks on 4G networks, C-RNTI & packet sequence numbers based UE location tracking, false buffer status reports attacks, message insertion attacks, HeNB attacks, physical attacks, attacks on mobile operator's network, user data & identity attacks, DDoS attacks, amplification, HSS saturation, external IP networks.

> EXPERT – MASTERCLASS 8 CPD POINTS 1 DAY INTENSIVE COURSE  ONLINE or IN-CLINIC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE! After booking we will contact you for scheduling the exact course date! Courses dates are subject to change due to mentors availability. We will inform you via email if a date becomes available! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DERMAGRAFT AND ENRICHED NANO-MICROFAT TRANSFER FOR FACE, NECK & HANDS – VOLUMIZATION & REJUVINATION WHAT IS MICROFAT AND NANOFAT GRAFTING FOR FACE AND NECK LIFT? Microfat and enriched nanofat graft transfer (also known as autologous fat transfer or lipoinjection), to the face and the neck is a minimally invasive, short-lasting procedure with rapid recovery, and can be done under local anaesthesia. Following completion of the procedure, the patient can return to the normal daily life activities. But firstly, we need to clearly explain what the terms microfat and nanofat grafts mean…. Microfat is defined a small-diameter fat particle and is used to improve the appearance of wrinkles, grooves and the lack of volume and sagginess of the skin of the face and neck, in response to the aging process. Similarly, nanofat, is referred to as the smallest diameter fat particle. The main advantage of the nanofat is that it contains cells that have the ability to differentiate in any type of body cell. Stem cells – as they are called- play a very important role in the process of rejuvenation, as they can differentiate into cells called fibroblasts which in turn produce collagen thus making the skin firmer and more youthful in appearance. The Course can be divided into two stages: 1. In the first stage, fat cells will be obtained from one or more parts of the body and are then purified and injected into the face and the neck. The doctor will identify an area in your body where the fat will be obtained from. This area is usually the flanks, but fat can also be obtained from other areas such as the abdomen, and the outer and inner thighs. You will be given enough local anaesthesia to numb the area where the fat will be harvested from. Then, a small-diameter cannula called microcannula connected to a special vacuum syringe will be gently introduced under the skin to obtain the fat.  During this process, you should not feel any pain, the local anaesthetic will have made you numb. After the fat is harvested, it will contain a mixture of fat cells, blood, water, and local anaesthetic. Therefore, this fat will not be pure. This mixture of fat, blood, water and local anaesthetic will then become filtered into a special filtering and processing device whereby all the blood, water and local anaesthetic are being washed out, so that pure fat remains. This fat is then further processed by passing it through special filters whereby it becomes a smaller-sized fat particle known as microfat and nanofat graft. * You need to be medically qualified as a doctor, dentist, nurse, pharmacist or paramedic with full governing body registration and have completed a Foundation Filler Course [http://harleyeliteacademy.com/product/dermal-filler-training-course-london/] and to have administered a number of cases. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ATTENDANCE ONLINE (theory), IN-CLINIC (Practice) COURSE LEVEL EXPERT | Masterclass Course

ESSENTIAL 5G TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to give delegates an explanation of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. It is not a definitive set of descriptions but a possibility of the final deployment. we will investigate the 10 pillars for 5G which will include various Radio Access Technologies that are required to interwork smoothly. We will look at the 4G Pro features and other RATs. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * List the ten pillars of 5G deployment. * Describe the 5G Internet. * Explain virtualization and RAT virtulization. * Describe Software Defined Networks (SDN). * Explain carrier aggregation. * Describe the mobile cloud. * Explain an overall picture of 5G architecture. ESSENTIAL 5G TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone looking for an understanding of the technologies and interworking requirements of the next generation of cellular communications. * Prerequisites: None. * Duration 3 days ESSENTIAL 5G TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Drivers for 5G 5G Road Map, 10 Pillars of 5G, evolving RATs, oSON, MTCm, mm-wave, backhaul, EE, new spectrum, spectrum sharing, RAN virtualisation. * 4G LTE Advanced MIMO technology in release 8, Downlink & uplink MIMO R8, MIMO technology in LTE advanced, Downlink 8-layer SU-MIMO, Downlink MU-MIMO, Uplink MU-MIMO, Uplink transmit diversity, Coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP), Independent eNB & remote base station configurations, Downlink CoMP. * ICIC & eICIC ICIC, Homogeneous to heterogeneous network evolution, Introduction to eICIC, Macro-pico scenario, Macro-femto scenario, Time orthogonal frequencies. Almost Blank Subframe (ABS). * Carrier aggregation Component carriers (CC), CC aggregation deployments, Intra-band contiguous solutions, Intra-band non-contiguous solutions, Inter-band non-contiguous solutions, CA bandwidth classes, Aggregated transmission bandwidth configurations (ATBC), Possible carrier aggregation configs. * eIMTA TDD UL-DL reconfig. for traffic adaptation, Reconfig. mechanisms, Interference mitigation schemes, Dynamic & flexible resource allocation. * 5G architectures 5G in Europe, horizon 2020 framework, 5G infrastructure PPP, METIS project, 5G in North America, academy research, company R&D, 5G specifications. * The 5G internet High-level view of Cloud Services, The Internet of Things & context awareness, Network reconfiguration & virtualization support, server proliferation, how VMs fix underutilised server problem, enter the hypervisor, why are VM such a big deal? SDN, evolution of the data centre network, high availability, low latency, scalability, security, cost model explodes, service-oriented API. OpenFlow switches, OpenFlow controllers, how SDN works. The big picture, pulling it all together, why the network had to change, how SDN & NFV tie together. Evolutionary approach to the internet, architectures for distributed mobility management, MEDIEVAL & MEDIVO projects, a clean slate approach, mobility first architecture. VNet, INM, NetInf, ForMux, MEEM. Generic Path (GP) & anchorless mobility (AM), Quality of Service support, network resource provisioning, resourcing inside a network. IntServ, RSVP, DiffServ, CoS. Emerging approach for resource over- provisioning, example use case architecture for scalable resource control scenarios in the 5G internet. Integrating SDN/NFV for efficient resource over-reservation control, control information repository, service admission control policies, network resource provisioning, control enforcement functions, network configurations & operations. * Small cells for 5G Average spectral efficiency evolution, WiFi & Femto cells, Capacity limits. Achievable gains with densifications, multi-antenna techniques, small cells. Mobile data demand, approach & methodology, subscriber density and traffic demand projections to 2020. Demand versus capacity, global mobile data traffic increase modelling, country level backhaul traffic projections, Small cell challenges, backhaul, spectrum, automation. * Cooperation for next gen wireless networks Diversity & relaying strategies, cooperation & network coding, ARQ & MAC protocols, NCCARQ & PRCSMA packet exchange, Physical layer impact on MAC protocol analysis, NCCARQ overview, PHY layer impact, Case study on NCCARQ. * Mobile clouds Mobile cloud, Mobile cloud enablers, mobile user domain, wireless technologies, WWAN WLAN and WPAN range, Bluetooth, IEEE.802.15.4 & software stacks, infrared, near field communications (NFC). Network coding, store & forward vs compute & forward, linear network coding, random linear coding. * Security for 5G communications Potential 5G communication systems architectures, Security issues & challenges. Mobile malware attacks targeting the UE, 5G mobile botnets, access networks, attacks on 4G networks, C-RNTI & packet sequence number based UE location tracking, false buffer status reports attacks, message insertion attacks, HeNB attacks, physical attacks, credential attacks, configuration and protocol attacks, attacks on MON, user data & identity attacks, mobile operator's core network, DDoS attacks targeting MON, signalling amplification, HSS saturation, external IP networks.

TELECOMMS TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION A comprehensive tour of the telecommunications technologies and terminology currently in use, and under development. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * List and describe components of the PSTN. * Explain how calls are made over the PSTN * Compare analog and digital transmission methods. * Describe the technologies within the transport plane. * Recognise the benefits of extra features available in today's telephone networks. TELECOMMS TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone new to the Telecommunications industry. * Prerequisites: None. * Duration 2 days TELECOMMS TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Telephone network architecture Handsets, local loop, distribution points, Local exchanges, main telephone switches, PBXs. * Making a call - some basics Telephone call components, how a telephone call works, accessing the local exchange, loop disconnect, DTMF, standards, E.164, PSTN routing, Intelligent Networks, Special Rate Services. * Analogue vs Digital Voice characteristics, PSTN bandwidth, analogue signalling, Digital encoding, PCM and the 64k, ADPCM and other voice compression methods. * PBXs PABX, Call processing, networking PBXs, PBX facilities, bandwidth, blocking probability and Erlangs, Erlang models, using Erlang tables. * Transmission methods Two wire transmission, 64k circuits, Nx64, E1, 2 wire to 4 wire conversion, echo, echo suppression, echo cancellers, twisted pair, coax, fibre optic, power lines, satellite systems, microwave. * Signalling Analogue signalling, loop start, earth calling, E&M, AC15. Digital signalling -CAS, robbed bits and E1 slot 16 signalling. Digital signalling CCS, Q.931, SS7, Q.SIG, DPNSS, DASS2. * Transport planes PDH, PDH issues, SDH, SDH architecture, SDH standards, SDH bit rates, SDH mulitplexors, DWDM. * Networks Circuit Switched Networks, TDM, Packet Switched Networks, Frame Relay, Message Switching, Circuit Switching, STDM, Cell Switching, ATM, ATM cells, ATM traffic parameters, ATM QoS, MPLS. * Other network access Modems, modulation, speeds, ISDN, BRI, PRI, xDSL, SDSL, ADSL. * Other Services Centrex, VPNs, FeatureNet, CTI, Call Processing Systems, Voice Mail, Automated Attendant Systems, Interactive Voice Response, Call Management Systems, Call Conferencing, Star Services. * Mobile communications 3 types of wireless telephone, mobile generations, base stations, cells, GSM, GPRS, 3G, UMTS, WCDMA, 4G, LTE. * VoIP overview What is VoIP, VoIP benefits, What is IP? The IP header, Packetising voice, VoIP addressing, H.323, SIP, RTP. Bandwidth requirements.