162 Architecture courses in Sheffield

Face to face One to one.

LTE ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS COURSE DESCRIPTION This course provides a comprehensive tour of the LTE architecture along with services provided and the protocols used. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Describe the overall architecture of LTE. * Explain the information flows through LTE. * Describe the LTE security. * Describe LTE mobility management. * Recognise the next steps for LTE. LTE ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. * Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified * Duration 3 days LTE ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS COURSE CONTENTS * Introduction History, LTE key features. The 4G ITU process. The LTE 3GPP specifications. Specifications. * System Architecture LTE hardware architecture. UE architecture and capabilities. E-UTRAN and eNB. EPC, MME functions, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM, RRC state diagrams. * Radio transmission and reception OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO antennas. Air interface protocol stack. Logical, transport and physical channels. Frame and slot structure, the resource grid. Resource element mapping of the physical channels and signals. Cell acquisition, data transmission and random access. MAC, RLC, PDCP protocols. LTE spectrum allocation. * Power-on procedures Network and cell selection. RRC connection establishment. Attach procedure, including IP address allocation and default bearer activation. LTE detach procedure. * Security in LTE networks LTE security features, identity confidentiality, ciphering and integrity protection. Architecture of network access security in LTE. Secure key hierarchy. Authentication and key agreement procedure. Security mode command procedure. Network domain security architecture. Security associations using IKE and IPSec. * Mobility management RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED. Cell reselection, tracking area updates. Measurement reporting. X2 and S1 based handovers. Interoperation with UMTS, GSM and non-3GPP technologies such as cdma2000. * QoS, policy control and charging QoS in LTE, EPS bearers, service data flows and packet flows. The architecture and signalling procedures for policy and charging control. Data transport using GPRS, differentiated services and MPLS. Offline and online charging in LTE. * Delivery of voice and text messages over LTE Difficulties and solutions for Voice over LTE. Architecture and call setup procedures for circuit switched fallback. Architecture, protocols and call setup procedures in IP multimedia subsystem. * Enhancements in release 9 LTE location services. Multimedia broadcast / multicast service and MBSFN. Cell selection, commercial mobile alert service. * LTE Advanced and release 10 Impact of carrier aggregation on LTE air interface. Enhanced MIMO processing on uplink and downlink. Relaying. Release 11 and beyond. * OAM and self organising networks Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning for LTE. Self-configuration of base station parameters. Fractional frequency re-use, inter-cell interference co-ordination. Self-optimisation of base station procedures. Self-healing to detect and recover from faults.

LTE BACKHAUL TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION This course provides a concise insight into the LTE backhaul. Key parts of the course are detailed looks at the transport of messages and the S1 and X2 protocols. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Describe the overall architecture of LTE. * Explain how data and signalling messages are transported in LTE. * Describe the S1 protocol. * Describe the X2 protocol. LTE BACKHAUL TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. * Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified * Duration 2 days LTE BACKHAUL TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Introduction In the first section of the course, we review LTE and its hardware and software architecture. Requirements and key features of LTE. LTE Architecture and capabilities of the UE. Architecture of the E-UTRAN, functions of the eNB. EPC architecture, and functions of the MME, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM and RRC state diagrams. * Architecture of the radio access network In this section, we look in more detail at the architecture of the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). Logical and physical architecture of the E-UTRAN. Numbering, addressing and identification. E-UTRAN functions. E-UTRAN protocol stacks. Timing and frequency synchronisation in LTE. * Transport of data and signalling in LTE Here, we look in more detail at the techniques and protocols that are used to transport data and signalling messages across the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network and the evolved packet core. Quality of service in LTE. The GPRS tunnelling protocol. Differentiated services Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS). The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). * The S1 application protocol This section gives a detailed account of the signalling procedures in the S1 application protocol, which the MME uses to control the operation of the eNB. The material looks at the procedures, messages and information elements, and relates them to the system-level procedures in which they are used. S1 setup procedure. UE context management procedures. Non access stratum information transport. Procedures for managing the evolved radio access bearer (E-RAB). Paging procedures. Mobility management procedures for S1-based handovers. Procedures in support of self-optimising networks. * The X2 application protocol This section gives a detailed account of the signalling procedures in the X2 application protocol, which is used for peer-to-peer communication between eNBs. The material looks at the procedures, messages and information elements, and relates them to the system-level procedures in which they are used. X2 setup procedure. Mobility management procedures for X2-based handovers Procedures in support of self-optimising networks. * High level system operation In the final section, we bring our discussions of the S1 and X2 application protocols together by reviewing the system-level operation of LTE. Attach procedure. Transitions between the states of RRC Idle and RRC Connected. Tracking area updates in RRC Idle. Handover procedures in RRC Connected.

NETWORK MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES COURSE DESCRIPTION A comprehensive tour of the available network management technologies available for todays networks. The course starts with basic tools such as syslog along with Python network automation. SNMP is then covered with the *flow technologies and streaming telemetry. Configuration management with ansible, Python, NETCONF and RESTCONF is then studied. The final part of the course looks at SDN. Hands on sessions are used throughout to reinforce the theory rather than teach specific manufacturer equipment. Note that sections are available as individual courses. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Evaluate network management technologies. * Evaluate network management technologies. * Recognise the weaknesses of SNMP versus NETCONF and streaming telemetry. * Explain the role of NETCONF and RESTCONF. * Compare & contrast *flow and streaming telemetry. * Explain the role of SDN in network management. * Automate network configuration with ansible and Python. NETWORK MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Those wishing to manage networks. (Previous Python experience is NOT needed) * Prerequisites: Intro to data comms * Duration 5 days NETWORK MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES COURSE CONTENT BASIC NETWORK MANAGEMENT * Network management What is network management? Benefits, issues. FCAPS model. Fault management, Configuration management, accounting, performance, security. What to manage, what not to manage. Managing network devices, managing servers. MONITORING NETWORKS * Traditional network tools Ping..., SSH, syslog, TFTP for configurations. nmap. Wireshark. CLI. Web based management. Splunk. Nessus, snort, Kali. Hands on syslog, network inventories. * Network automation using the CLI Programming and automating networks, netOps. Python, Git. Python network modules, SSH, paramiko, netmiko. EVE-NG. Hands onPython network modules. * Structured versus unstructured data Problems with automation and unstructured data. XML, JSON, YAML. The role of YANG. Hands on Parsing data. * SNMP SNMP architecture, SNMP MIBs, SMI, the SNMP protocol, polling security. Configuring SNMP. SNMPv1, v2, v3, SNMP security. Which version should you use? MIBs and MIB structure. mib-2, extra parts of mib-2, Private enterprise MIBs. Summary: What SNMP is good/bad at. Hands on Configuring agents and a NMS. MIB browsing. * Server management Microsoft, Linux, application polling. WMI vs SNMP. Hands on: Application polling. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT * *flow Polling, push vs pull, netflow, sflow, IPFIX, *flow. Flows. Where to monitor traffic. Comparing *flow with SNMP. Architecture: Generators and collectors. When flows are exported. NetFlow reporting products. SolarWinds. Hands on Netflow configuration. Collectors. * Streaming telemetry Model driven telemetry, periodic/on change. Structured data. Telemetry protocol stack. gRPC and gNMI. Protobuf. gNMI operations. Telemetry architecture. Telegraf, databases, Grafana. Hands on Telemetry example. CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT * Configuration management tools Chef, puppet, ansible, saltstack. Ansible architecture, controlling machines, nodes, agentless, SSH, modules. Inventories, playbooks, modules, network modules, jinja2 templates. Hands on Network configuration with ansible. * NETCONF What is NETCONF? Protocol stack, Data stores, traffic flows, validating configurations, rollback. YANG data models and how YANG is used by NETCONF. XML. Explorers and other tools. Hands on anx, Python and NETCONF. * RESTCONF The REST API, HTTP, What is RESTCONF? Tools including Postman. Comparison with NETCONF. Hands on Configuration with RESTCONF. * Python network automation: configuration SSH issues. Using structured data. Jinja2. ncclient, requests, NAPALM, Nornir. Automated testing. Hands on Python network device configuration with nornir. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS AND ORCHESTRATION * Classic SDN What is SDN? benefits. SDN architecture. SDN applications, SDN switches, SDN controllers, Network Operating Systems. Control plane, data plane. Northbound interfaces. SDN components. Southbound interfaces. OpenFlow. ONF, OpenFlow ports, Flow tables. * Network virtualization Virtual networks, virtual switches, NfV. Service chaining. NfV and SDN. * SDN implementations Classic SDN, Hybrid SDN, SDN via APIs, SDN via overlays. Data centre SDN, VXLAN, Service Provider SDN, SD WAN, Enterprise SDN, WiFi. * SDN and open source OpenDaylight, OpenVSwitch, Open Networking Forum, Open Network Operating System. Hands onOpenStack. * SD-WAN What is SD-WAN? Architecture: Edge, gateway, orchestrator, controller. Overlay and underlay. Use of MPLS, 4G/5G. Benefits and features. Secure Access Service Edge (SASE).

MICROSOFT LYNC TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION This course teaches IT staff how to plan, design, deploy, configure, and administer a Microsoft Lync Server solution. The course emphasizes Lync Server Enterprise Unified Communications features focussing particularly on coexisting with and migrating from legacy communication services. The labs in this course create a solution that includes IM and Presence, Conferencing, and Persistent Chat. This course helps prepare for Exam 70-336. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Describe the Lync Server architecture. * Install and deploy Lync Server. * Use Lync Server management interfaces. * Deploy and manage clients. * Manage and administer dial-in conferencing. * Design audio and video for web conferencing. * Plan for instant message and presence Federation. * Deploy and configure persistent chat in Lync. * Configure archiving and monitoring services. * Troubleshoot Lync Server. * Describe the required daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance tasks. * Use SIP commands and analyze SIP logs. * Configure high availability features in Lync. * Design load balancing in Lync Server. * Backup and restore Lync Server data. MICROSOFT LYNC TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Technical staff working with Microsoft Lync. * Prerequisites: Supporting Windows 2008 or 2012. * Duration 5 days MICROSOFT LYNC TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Microsoft Lync Server architecture Lync Server architecture, Lync core capabilities, Lync design process, assessing infrastructure requirements and updating the design, planning for all Microsoft solutions framework phases. * Designing a Lync Server topology Infrastructure requirements for Lync Server, using the planning tool, using topology builder, server infrastructure, documentation. Hands on Environment preparation and Lync Server pools. * Users and rights in Microsoft Lync Server Managing Lync Server, role based access control. Hands on Using the management shell, configuring role-based access control. * Client/device deployment and management Deploy and manage clients, prepare for device deployment, IP phones. Hands on Clients. * Conferencing in Lync Server Introduction to conferencing in Lync Server, designing for audio\video and web conferencing, dial-in conferencing in Lync Server, managing and administering conferencing. Hands on Conferencing in Microsoft Lync. * Designing and deploying external access Conferencing and external capabilities of Lync Server, planning for IM and presence federation, designing edge services. Hands on Deploying Edge Server and Configuring Remote Access, Validating the Edge Server. * Deploying Lync Server persistent chat Overview of persistent chat architecture in Lync Server, designing persistent chat, deploying and persistent chat. Hands on persistent chat server. * Monitoring and archiving The archiving service, the monitoring service, configuring archiving and monitoring. Hands on Archiving and monitoring in Lync Server. * Administration and maintenance of Lync Lync Server troubleshooting tools, Lync Server operational tasks, Lync Server troubleshooting techniques. Hands on Lync administration tools, centralized logging service, analysing Lync Server logs and traces. * High Availability in Lync Server High availability in Lync Server, configuring high availability in Lync Server, planning for load balancing, designing load balancing. Hands on Configuring database mirroring, experiencing a scheduled SQL Server outage, experiencing an unscheduled SQL Server outage. * Disaster recovery in Lync Server Disaster recovery in Lync Server, tools for backing up and restoring Lync Server, critical Lync Server data to back up and restore, critical data to export and import, designing branch site resiliency. Hands on Configure pool pairing, experiencing a pool failure or outage. * Planning a migration to Lync Server Coexistence and migration, migration steps, planning for clients and devices. Designing a client migration and device migration strategy. Hands on Creating a migration plan, documenting the migration phases.

3G TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. * Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. * Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. * Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. * Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. * Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 3G TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. * Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction * Duration 2 days 3G TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * D3GPP specifications 3GPP standards body, Evolution path, Frequency and bandwidth, Conceptual model, UMTS general architecture, UTRAN architecture & radio access bearer. * CDMA principles CDMA principle, Code characteristics, Code requirements. * CDMA requirements Synchronization, Power control, Soft handover, Rake receiver, Antenna consideration, Multi-user detection. * Radio interface protocol architecture Access stratum & non-access stratum, Overall protocol structure, Logical and transport channels, Physical channels, Protocol termination. * Layer 2 Protocols Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocol, Radio Interface for Broadcast/Multicast Services. * Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol RRC Architecture, RRC Protocol State, Broadcast of information, RRC connection management, Radio bearer management, RRC connection mobility functions, Power control, Ciphering and Integrity. * Mobile procedures Mobility management states and transitions, UMTS identities, Procedures in Idle mode (location updates, cell selection/ re-selection), Circuit-switched call set-up, Packet-switched context activation and context preservation, Data transfer initialization, Soft-handover procedure. * Introduction to HSPA The need for high speed data, Fast HARQ, Improved scheduling, Additional channels, Soft combining, HS-DSCH codes, Uplink HSPA vs downlink HSPA, Full HSPA, Use of MIMO, Enhanced CELL_FACH.

UNIX VIRTUALIZATION AND HIGH AVAILABILITY COURSE DESCRIPTION This course covers administering UNIX enterprise-wide with an emphasis on virtualization and high availability. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Manage Virtual Machines. * Manage containers. * Manage HA clusters. * Manage HA cluster storage. UNIX VIRTUALIZATION AND HIGH AVAILABILITY COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Enterprise-level UNIX professional. UNIX professionals working with virtualization and/or High availability. * Prerequisites: Linux network administration 2 (LPIC-2) * Duration 5 days UNIX VIRTUALIZATION AND HIGH AVAILABILITY COURSE CONTENTS * VIRTUALIZATION * Virtualization concepts and theory Terminology, Pros and Cons of virtualization, variations of Virtual Machine monitors, migration of physical to VMs, migration of VMs between host systems, cloud computing. * Xen Xen architecture, networking and storage, Xen configuration, Xen utilities, troubleshooting Xen installations, XAPI, XenStore, Xen Boot Parameters, the xm utility. * KVM KVM architecture, networking and storage, KVM configuration, KVM utilities, troubleshooting KVM installations. * Other virtualization solutions OpenVZ and LXC, other virtualization technologies, virtualization provisioning tools. * Libvirt and Related Tools libvirt architecture, networking and storage, basic technical knowledge of libvirt and virsh, oVirt. * Cloud Management Tools Basic feature knowledge of OpenStack and CloudStack, awareness of Eucalyptus and OpenNebula. * Containers Containers versus VMs, Docker, Kubernetes. * Load balanced clusters of LVS/IPVS, VRRP, configuration of keepalived, configuration of ldirectord, backend server network configuration. HAProxy, configuration of HAProxy. * Failover clusters Pacemaker architecture and components (CIB, CRMd, PEngine, LRMd, DC, STONITHd), Pacemaker cluster configuration, Resource classes (OCF, LSB, Systemd, Upstart, Service, STONITH, Nagios), Resource rules and constraints (location, order, colocation), Advanced resource features (templates, groups, clone resources, multi-state resources), Pacemaker management using pcs, Pacemaker management using crmsh, configuration and management of corosync in conjunction with Pacemaker, other cluster engines (OpenAIS, Heartbeat, CMAN). * HIGH AVAILABILITY CLUSTER STORAGE * DRBD/cLVM DRBD resources, states and replication modes, configuration of DRBD resources, networking, disks and devices, configuration of DRBD automatic recovery and error handling, management of DRBD using drbdadm. drbdsetup and drbdmeta, Integration of DRBD with Pacemaker, cLVM, integration of cLVM with Pacemaker. * Clustered File Systems Principles of cluster file systems. Create, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 file systems in a cluster, create, maintain and troubleshoot OCFS2 file systems in a cluster, Integration of GFS2 and OCFS2 with Pacemaker, the O2CB cluster stack, other commonly used clustered file systems.

LINUX VIRTUALIZATION AND HA TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION The LPIC-3 certification is the culmination of LPI's multi -level professional certification program. LPIC-3 is designed for the enterprise-level Linux professional and represents the highest level of professional, distribution neutral Linux certification within the industry. LPIC-3 304 covers administering Linux enterprise-wide with an emphasis on virtualization and high availability. At SNT we have enhanced the contents of the course by covering containers. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Manage Virtual Machines. * Manage containers. * Manage HA clusters. * Manage HA cluster storage. LINUX VIRTUALIZATION AND HA TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Linux professionals working with virtualization and/or High availability. * Prerequisites: Linux network administration 2 (LPIC-2) * Duration 5 days LINUX VIRTUALIZATION AND HA TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * VIRTUALIZATION * Virtualization concepts and theory Terminology, Pros and Cons of virtualization, variations of Virtual Machine monitors, migration of physical to VMs, migration of VMs between host systems, cloud computing. * Xen Xen architecture, networking and storage, Xen configuration, Xen utilities, troubleshooting Xen installations, XAPI, XenStore, Xen Boot Parameters, the xm utility. * KVM KVM architecture, networking and storage, KVM configuration, KVM utilities, troubleshooting KVM installations. * Other virtualization solutions OpenVZ and LXC, other virtualization technologies, virtualization provisioning tools. * Libvirt and Related Tools libvirt architecture, networking and storage, basic technical knowledge of libvirt and virsh, oVirt. * Cloud Management Tools Basic feature knowledge of OpenStack and CloudStack, awareness of Eucalyptus and OpenNebula. * Containers Containers versus VMs, Docker, Kubernetes. * Load balanced clusters of LVS/IPVS, VRRP, configuration of keepalived, configuration of ldirectord, backend server network configuration. HAProxy, configuration of HAProxy. * Failover clusters Pacemaker architecture and components (CIB, CRMd, PEngine, LRMd, DC, STONITHd), Pacemaker cluster configuration, Resource classes (OCF, LSB, Systemd, Upstart, Service, STONITH, Nagios), Resource rules and constraints (location, order, colocation), Advanced resource features (templates, groups, clone resources, multi-state resources), Pacemaker management using pcs, Pacemaker management using crmsh, configuration and management of corosync in conjunction with Pacemaker, other cluster engines (OpenAIS, Heartbeat, CMAN). * HIGH AVAILABILITY CLUSTER STORAGE * DRBD/cLVM DRBD resources, states and replication modes, configuration of DRBD resources, networking, disks and devices, configuration of DRBD automatic recovery and error handling, management of DRBD using drbdadm. drbdsetup and drbdmeta, Integration of DRBD with Pacemaker, cLVM, integration of cLVM with Pacemaker. * Clustered File Systems Principles of cluster file systems. Create, maintain and troubleshoot GFS2 file systems in a cluster, create, maintain and troubleshoot OCFS2 file systems in a cluster, Integration of GFS2 and OCFS2 with Pacemaker, the O2CB cluster stack, other commonly used clustered file systems.

UMTS TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION An in-depth study of the UMTS technologies and network structure. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Explain what 3G and UMTS are. * Describe the migration path to UMTS. * Describe the UMTS architecture. UMTS TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone who needs to know more about UMTS. * Prerequisites: Total GSM * Duration 3 days UMTS TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * Introduction 3G WCDMA 2G WCDMA comparison. European and international spectrum allocations. * UMTS Services UMTS QoS classes, Conversational, Streaming, Interactive and Background. UMTS bearer services. * Radio Access Network (RAN) Architecture System architecture. The Radio Network Controller (RNC) and Node B functionality. Protocol model. The Iu interface for Circuit and Packet switching. The Iur interface and RNSAP. RNC node B interface and NBAP. * The Physical layer Spread spectrum coding and modulation. Logical and physical channels. User data rates and transmission. Power control. Signalling, synchronisation, common control, access and indicator channels. Procedures for transmit diversity, measurement, power control and handover. * Radio Resource Management Fast and outer loop power control. Transmit power and power rise. Handover algorithms. Intra frequency and inter system handovers. Load, measurement on the air interface. Admission and load control. * Packet Access Packet data traffic. Packet data transport channels. Packet scheduling algorithms. Handover, load and administration control. Packet data performance. * UTRA TDD Mode Time Division Duplex (TDD). UTRA TDD modulation and spreading, transport channels, physical channels and their structure. Noise and interference limited network. Interference, FDD and TDD co-existence.

GPON AND FTTX NETWORKS TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION Designed to benefit those requiring an in depth knowledge of the principles and applications of Ten Gigabit and Gigabit Passive Optical Networking and Fibre to the X in NG Networks applications and their associated equipment, its flexibility and function within a modern transmission network. Using an effective mix of 'hands on' equipment instruction and correlation to theory based learning the delegate will gain a complete understanding of the equipment and the tasks to be undertaken in a real life situation. WHAT WILL YOU LEARN * Compare PON/FTTx systems. * Explain network elements and designs. * Support applications and network interfaces. * List circuit provisioning and bandwidth requirements. * Understand upstream & downstream issues. * Describe headend & network elements/OLT-ONT. * Perform network testing with OTDR test sets. GPON AND FTTX NETWORKS TRAINING COURSE DETAILS * Who will benefit: Anyone working with GPON and FTTx. * Prerequisites: Introduction to data communications and networking. * Duration 5 days GPON AND FTTX TRAINING COURSE CONTENTS * FTTN, FTTC, FTTH SMF, MMF, Fibre safety and properties (dispersion/attenuation), Fibre reel cables and types, Fibre installation and air blown fibre, Transmitters and receivers - power budget/laser classes. Fibre to the home (FTTH), FTTC (Fibre to the Cabinet), FTTN (Fibre to the node) , FTTD (Fibre to the desk), FFTH topologies and wavelengths, Active or passive optical network. * WDM equipment and GPON OSP design Wavelength considerations, WDM/DWDM/CWDM, EDFA optical amplification, AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) splitters , Couplers (splitters) and losses, Optical splitters 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32, 1x64, 2x64. * PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play. * GEPON design GPON OSP centralized and distributed design, GPON PON splitters x4 x8 x32, Fibre splice trays /cassette trays & enclosures, GPON field testing and installation verification, GPON physical layer testing, Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), Optical power source & meter, Optical return loss (ORL), APON/BPON/GPON/EPON comparisons. * GPON ITU-T G.984.1 Reference model, terminology & architecture, Access network system management functions. ONT & OLT functional block examples. FTTx scenarios, 4 switching arrangements for external access network backup. * GPON ITU-T G.984.2 Physical layer, Enhancement band, Bit rate and wavelengths, FEC and RAMAN. * GPON ITU-T G.984.3 Frame structure, GPON encapsulation method (GEM), GTC adaptation and framing sublayer protocol stack, Status reporting & traffic monitoring DBA (SR-DBA & TM-DBA), Transmission container (T-CONT) types, Downstream & upstream multiplexing, GEM port identifier, Media access control and ONU registration, Extended bandwidth assignment model scheduling architecture, PLOAM & alarm messages, Downstream & Upstream FEC, Process order in a GTC transmit flow. * GPON ITU-T G.984.4 and G.988 ONT management and control interface (OMCI) Management interface, Reference model, Typical ONT with SCTE 55-1 or SCTE 55-2 compliancy. * GPON ITU-T G.984.5 enhancement band Band options, GPON NGA, Wavelength allocation. * GPON ITU-T G.984.6 optical reach extension (G.984.re) Reach extension (RE), OA-based and OEO-based reach extenders, Protection, Reach extender with OTDR blocking filters (BF) and bypass (BYP) filters. * GPON ITU-T G.984.7 long reach Quiet Window. * 10-GPON ITU-T G.987.1 (XG-PON) Scenarios, reference access network architecture, XG-PON with G-PON through WDM1r, G-PON and XG-PON wavelength allocation, G-PON and XG-PON co-existence with video overlay option, RE migration scenarios. * G.989 40Gbps XG-PON2 Functional reference architecture, NG-PON2 system coexistence with legacy systems, Definitions of legacy compatibility terminology. * GPON issues and standards GPON components GPON OLT / GPON ONT, GPON management, Operational support systems (OSS), Network management systems (NMS), OMCI (ONT Management control interface), RG (Residential gateway), Data and prioritised voice channel product, GPON broadband-forum standards, Broadband-forum , TR-069 and TR-156, HPNA (home phone network alliance), Powerline carrier (PLC), GPON DLNI G.hn or G.9960, MOCA, FTTH council certification standard for network certification. Fibre-connected home badge, Ethernet in the first mile (EFM), GPON frame synchronization to network timing, Direct clock synchronization interface (BITS), Multiservice access platform (MSAP), Software planning tool, Superconnected cities / voucher scheme. * Hands on practical assignments Single and multimode fibre recognition, Fibre Cleaning methods, Checking cleaning with an optical microscope, Optical light source and optical power meter referencing, PON splitter and fibre drum testing with an optical power meter, 6km classroom passive optical network testing with an OTDR at 1310/1550nm, Using decibels (dB's) and decibel milliwats (dBm's), Designing networks up to 20km long using vendor specifications (power budget), Fault finding with a visible fault locator.